As recounted in Howard Blum’s
Out There the Drake equation
was the brainchild of a young radio astronomer working at the National Radio
Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia. Radio astronomy was in its
infancy and Frank Drake was a second generation adherent. Radio astronomy had
reared is pretty head in 1931 when Karl Jansky working at Bell Telephone
Laboratories kept encountering radio interference that he could not initially track
down. After some home-brewed experiments he discovered the heavens above and
beyond earth were filled with radio static. This discovery led to a the new science
that landed young Frank Drake in the small, remote observatory in the wilds of West Virginia in
1959.
The source of these radio waves was not clearly understood
and there was a great deal of speculation as to what we were hearing; they ran
the gamut from thunderstorms somewhere on earth being bounced through the atmosphere
to waves being released by distant nebulae only now just washing the earth. But
Drake began to speculate that perhaps they were waves emitting from distant
planets. Maybe it wasn’t just stars and galaxies, but planets. Why not? His math
showed that the smaller telescope in Green Bank could “hear” noise from 10
light years away. Why not something more? He posed this at a lunch at Antonine’s
Diner to his colleagues.
As Blum relates, one of the astronomers challenged him with
a french fry with a so what? attitude. Perhaps, Drake replied, the planets were
the source, and the source lay in extraterrestrial civilizations. He then
pitched an idea on how to figure this out. By choosing a specific frequency
that was the most logical for a civilization to use (this is a whole different
tale) that might be able to “hear” them. It didn’t hurt that this frequency also
allowed them to search for magnetic fields, and for that they could certainly
get funding from the government. They would need about $2,000 to begin their
search. He was given the go ahead by the head of the observatory, because, well
scientists like to science, and he built his relay and begin listening. Though
he only got one hit from his gear it did not dampen his enthusiasm, in fact it was
something of a catalyst for the creation of the Order of the Dolphin (another
story, and was some of the driving force behind the SETI observatory).
Two years on, in 1961, the Space Science Board of the
National Academy of Sciences invited selected astronomers to gather at Green
Bank for a meeting. There, amidst news of a Nobel for one of the invitees and discussions
about possible life on other planets Frank Drake posed the Drake Equation, the
equation that became and remains the standard for determining the number of
technologically advanced civilizations in the galaxy.
The Drake equation is thus: N = R × fp × ne × fl × fi × fc × L
For a more thorough discussion of the equation head to the Seti website.
From this small beginning in the hills of West Virginia begins
a long discussion of the possibility of life on other planets, and where that
life may be in their arc of development and how, if at all, that life may
interact with earth.
Go check out Howard Blum’s book Out There. It is replete
with a history of this and other weird science that circles the whole UFO phenomena.